These assumptions are inherent in citation metrics and are often assumed about citation practices:
- A citation implies the use of the cited paper in someway for the present paper
- We assume that citations are made to the best work pertaining to the present topic
- There is a content-based relationship between the cited paper and the citing paper (a network of sorts)
- All citations are equivalent and the use of cited material is balanced
- We presume that citation of a work means that the work has been read
These assumptions are not always true when looking at the text of an article. Example: an article might rely considerably on a single source and only tangentially reference another, but we assume from the bibliography that they have been used equivalently.