News (Internet / TV / Radio Services / Newspapers) |
Seconds/Minutes |
No formal peer-review process |
Websites
TV news newspapers |
Journalists |
General public |
Magazines (print and online) |
Days / Weeks |
No formal peer-review process |
Article Databases
Library catalog |
Professional journalists, science writers |
General public to knowledgeable layperson |
Conference Proceedings |
Presented immediately, sometimes published 1-2 years later |
Possible peer-review |
Article Databases
Conference websites
|
Specialists in the field, usually scientists or engineers with PhDs, graduate students, post-docs |
Scholars, specialists, and grad students |
Journal articles (print and electronic)
|
Average 3-9 months |
Formal peer-review process |
Library catalog
Article databases
Journal website
Google Scholar |
Specialists in the field, usually scientists or engineers with PhDs, graduate students, post-docs |
Scholars, specialists, and students |
Review articles |
Average 1-2 years |
Formal peer-review process |
Article databases
Review journals
Google Scholar
|
Specialists in the field, usually scientists or engineers with PhDs, graduate students, post-docs |
Scholars, specialists, and students |
Technical Reports and Government Documents |
Months to years |
No formal peer-review process |
Technical report databases
Science.gov
|
Specialists in the field, usually scientists or engineers with PhDs, graduate students, post-docs |
Audience varies depending on document or report |
Books, E-books |
Average 1-3 years |
Editorial process, not peer-review |
Library catalog
Ebook Collections
|
Specialists in the field, usually scientists or engineers with PhDs |
General public to specialists |
Reference Sources, Encyclopedias |
Average 10 years |
Editorial process, not peer-review |
Library catalog
Ebook Collections
|
Specialists in the field, usually scientists or engineers with PhDs |
General public to specialists |
Websites and Blogs |
Seconds/minutes to years |
none |
Web search tools |
Anyone |
General public to Specialists |