Conference Proceedings |
Presented immediately, sometimes published 1-2 years later |
Possible peer-review |
Article Databases
Conference websites |
Specialists in the field, usually scientists or engineers with PhDs, graduate students, post-docs |
Scholars, specialists, and grad students |
Journal articles (print and electronic) |
Average 3-9 months |
Formal peer-review process |
Library catalog
Article databases
Journal website
Google Scholar |
Specialists in the field, usually scientists or engineers with PhDs, graduate students, post-docs |
Scholars, specialists, and students |
Review articles |
Average 1-2 years |
Formal peer-review process |
Article databases
Review journals
Google Scholar |
Specialists in the field, usually scientists or engineers with PhDs, graduate students, post-docs |
Scholars, specialists, and students |
Technical Reports and Government Documents |
Months to years |
No formal peer-review process |
Technical report databases
Science.gov |
Specialists in the field, usually scientists or engineers with PhDs, graduate students, post-docs |
Audience varies depending on document or report |
Books, E-books |
Average 1-3 years |
Editorial process, not peer-review |
Library catalog
E-book Collections |
Specialists in the field, usually scientists or engineers with PhDs |
General public to specialists |
Reference Sources, Encyclopedias |
Average 10 years |
Editorial process, not peer-review |
Library catalog
E-book Collections |
Specialists in the field, usually scientists or engineers with PhDs |
General public to specialists |
Websites and Blogs |
Seconds/minutes to years |
none |
Web search tools |
Anyone |
General public to Specialists |