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Cluster 27: Global Islam

This is the Cluster 27: Global Islam Research Guide. This guide provides helpful tips and resources for exploring Islam as a global religion and cultural tradition.

What Is a Primary Source?

Primary sources are "first-hand" information, sources as close as possible to the origin of the information or idea under study. Primary sources are contrasted with secondary sources, works that provide analysis, commentary, or criticism on the primary source.

  • In art, literature, and cultural studies, primary sources include original creative works, such as paintings, architectural plans, music, poems, novels, movies, television shows, and even advertisements.
  • In historical studies, primary sources include written works, recordings, or other sources of information from people who were participants or direct witnesses to the events in question. Examples of commonly used historical primary sources include government documents, memoirs, personal correspondence, oral histories, and contemporary newspaper accounts.
  • In the sciences, primary sources are usually articles or data resulting directly from experiments, fieldwork, or clinical trials.

Note that the "primacy" of a source can be relative. In cases where original records were lost or a live performance was never recorded, a review or commentary from a third party may be the most primary source available.

Selected Primary Source Databases

For the complete list of Primary Source Databases available through the UCLA Library, head to the Primary Source Databases (A-Z List)!

Community Archives

United States 

United Kingdom

Canada

Selected Open Access Primary Source Collections

An open educational resource is one that can be accessed without costs or access barriers. This box contains some examples of open educational collections that include primary sources relevant to Cluster 27.